幽门狭窄

幽门狭窄; Pyloric stenosis
同义词	Pylorostenosis, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
	胃部示意图，其中也标示了幽门
症状	喂奶后喷射性的呕吐
并发症	脱水、电解质不平衡
常见始发于	出生后2至12周
肇因	不明
风险因子	剖腹产、早产儿、以奶瓶喂奶或是第一胎
诊断方法	身体检查、超声波
相似疾病或共病	胃食道逆流、肠套叠
治疗	手术
预后	良好
盛行率	每千人中1.5名
分类和外部资源
医学专科	普通外科

幽门狭窄（Pyloric stenosis）是指胃部和小肠之间的幽门窄化的状况^[1]。症状为喷射性呕吐，且呕吐物不含胆汁^[1]，好发于婴儿吃奶之后^[1]。此一症状通常出现在婴儿出生二周到十二周之间的期间^[1]。

罹病的原因至今不明^[2]。风险因子包括婴儿为剖腹产、早产儿、以奶瓶喂奶或是第一胎等^[3]。诊断方式为先触诊婴儿腹部，看是否能摸到橄榄状的肿块^[1]，再照超音波以确诊^[4]。

治疗方式首先是改善婴儿脱水及电解质不平衡的状况^[1]，接下来会需要手术^[1]。一般而言，短期或长期的预后都不错^[1]，有些不开刀的治疗方式为使用阿托品^[1]。

1000 人之中约有 1-2 人会罹患幽门狭窄^[1]，男性罹患率是女性的四倍之多^[1]。成人患病的情况非常少见^[6]。。幽门狭窄的记录最早可以追溯到1888年，康拉德·拉姆斯特在1912年首次施行幽门狭窄的手术^[1]^[2]，在手术方法问世前，大部分的婴儿患者往往都会死亡^[1]。

参考资料

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 ^1.18 ^1.19 ^1.20 Ranells, JD; Carver, JD; Kirby, RS. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: epidemiology, genetics, and clinical update.. Advances in pediatrics. 2011, 58 (1): 195–206. PMID 21736982. doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.005.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Georgoula, C; Gardiner, M. Pyloric stenosis a 100 years after Ramstedt.. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2012-08, 97 (8): 741–5. PMID 22685043. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2011-301526.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Zhu, J; Zhu, T; Lin, Z; Qu, Y; Mu, D. Perinatal risk factors for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A meta-analysis.. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2017-03-15, 52: 1389–1397. PMID 28318599. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.02.017.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Pandya, S; Heiss, K. Pyloric stenosis in pediatric surgery: an evidence-based review.. The Surgical clinics of North America. 2012-06, 92 (3): 527–39, vii–viii. PMID 22595707. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2012.03.006.
↑ Marsicovetere, P; Ivatury, SJ; White, B; Holubar, SD. Intestinal Intussusception: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.. Clinics in colon and rectal surgery. 2017-02, 30 (1): 30–39. PMC 5179276 . PMID 28144210. doi:10.1055/s-0036-1593429.
↑ Hellan, M; Lee, T; Lerner, T. Diagnosis and therapy of primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in adults: case report and review of literature.. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. 2006-02, 10 (2): 265–9. PMID 16455460. doi:10.1016/j.gassur.2005.06.003.

外部链接

[Ran2011-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 ^1.18 ^1.19 ^1.20 Ranells, JD; Carver, JD; Kirby, RS. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: epidemiology, genetics, and clinical update.. Advances in pediatrics. 2011, 58 (1): 195–206. PMID 21736982. doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.005.

[Ge2012-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Georgoula, C; Gardiner, M. Pyloric stenosis a 100 years after Ramstedt.. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2012-08, 97 (8): 741–5. PMID 22685043. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2011-301526.

[Zh2017-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Zhu, J; Zhu, T; Lin, Z; Qu, Y; Mu, D. Perinatal risk factors for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A meta-analysis.. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2017-03-15, 52: 1389–1397. PMID 28318599. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.02.017.

[Pan2012-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Pandya, S; Heiss, K. Pyloric stenosis in pediatric surgery: an evidence-based review.. The Surgical clinics of North America. 2012-06, 92 (3): 527–39, vii–viii. PMID 22595707. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2012.03.006.

[Mar2017-5] Marsicovetere, P; Ivatury, SJ; White, B; Holubar, SD. Intestinal Intussusception: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.. Clinics in colon and rectal surgery. 2017-02, 30 (1): 30–39. PMC 5179276 . PMID 28144210. doi:10.1055/s-0036-1593429.

[6] Hellan, M; Lee, T; Lerner, T. Diagnosis and therapy of primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in adults: case report and review of literature.. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. 2006-02, 10 (2): 265–9. PMID 16455460. doi:10.1016/j.gassur.2005.06.003.

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