乙酰半胱氨酸

**乙酰半胱氨酸**
系统（IUPAC）命名名称
	(2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid
临床数据
读音	/əˌsɛtəlˈsɪstiːn/
商品名	Acetadote, Fluimucil, Mucomyst, others
Drugs.com	Monograph
医疗法规	US DailyMed: 5558a5f5-e821-473b-7d8a-5d33d09f0586;
妊娠分级	AU: B2 ; US: B (非人类研究中表明无风险) ; ;
给药途径	By mouth, injection, inhalation
合法状态
合法状态	AU: 限药店出售 (S2) ; US: OTC (by mouth), Rx-only (IV, inhalation); CN: 甲类非处方药（仅限口服颗粒）。口服胶囊、吸入式溶液、注射液为处方药;
药代动力学数据
生物利用度	10% (Oral)
蛋白结合度	50至83%
代谢	肝脏
生物半衰期	5.6 hours
排泄	Renal (30%),faecal (3%)
识别信息
CAS注册号	616-91-1
ATC代码	R05CB01 S01XA08 V03AB23
PubChem	CID 12035
DrugBank	DB06151
ChemSpider	11540
UNII	WYQ7N0BPYC
KEGG	D00221
ChEBI	CHEBI:28939
ChEMBL	CHEMBL600
化学信息
化学式	C5H9NO3S
摩尔质量	163.195
比旋度	+5 ° (c = 3% in water)
	SMILES C/C(=N/[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)/O; ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C5H9NO3S/c1-3(7)6-4(2-10)5(8)9/h4,10H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t4-/m0/s1 ; Key:PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N ;
物理性质
熔点	109至110 °C（228至230 °F）

乙酰半胱氨酸（Acetylcysteine），又称为N-乙酰半胱氨酸（N-acetylcysteine）或N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸（N-acetyl-L-cysteine），常简称做NAC。本品可用于治疗对乙酰氨基酚（普拿疼）中毒，且可用于解化过浓的黏液，因此可用于缓解囊肿性纤维化及慢性阻塞性肺病的症状^[3]。本品可经静脉注射、口服，或吸入途径给药^[3]。

常见副作用包含恶心或呕吐，但此类副作用以口服剂为主。其他副作用还包含皮肤红斑、搔痒。较严重的副作用则可能发生非免疫型的全身型过敏性反应。妊娠期间用药目前显示安全。本品的作用机转是借由提升体内的谷胱甘肽浓度，借此与普拿疼的有害代谢产物结合解毒^[3]。

乙酰半胱氨酸最初于1960年获得专利，且于1968年取得执照^[6]。本品列名于世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单之中，为基础医疗系统必备药物之一^[7]。乙酰半胱氨酸属于通用名药物，且价格不贵^[8]。

参考文献

↑ L-Cysteine, N-acetyl- - Compound Summary. PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Identification. 2005-03-25 [2012-01-09].
↑ Stockley RA. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease a Practical Guide to Management.. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 2008: 750. ISBN 9780470755280.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Acetylcysteine. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [2015-08-22].
↑ ACETADOTE (acetylcysteine) injection, solution [Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc.]. DailyMed. Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc. June 2013 [2013-11-08].
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE Product Information (PDF). Sigma. Sigma-aldrich. [2014-11-09].
↑ Fischer J, Ganellin CR. Analogue-Based Drug Discovery. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2006: 544. ISBN 9783527607495.
↑ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [2016-12-08].
↑ Baker E. Top 100 drugs : clinical pharmacology and practical prescribing. 2014: Acetylcysteine. ISBN 9780702055157.

外部链接

U.S. National Library of Medicine: Drug Information Portal - Acetylcysteine

[1] L-Cysteine, N-acetyl- - Compound Summary. PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Identification. 2005-03-25 [2012-01-09].

[2] Stockley RA. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease a Practical Guide to Management.. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 2008: 750. ISBN 9780470755280.

[AHFS2015-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Acetylcysteine. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [2015-08-22].

[DMI-4] ACETADOTE (acetylcysteine) injection, solution [Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc.]. DailyMed. Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc. June 2013 [2013-11-08].

[sial-5] 5.0 ^5.1 N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE Product Information (PDF). Sigma. Sigma-aldrich. [2014-11-09].

[6] Fischer J, Ganellin CR. Analogue-Based Drug Discovery. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2006: 544. ISBN 9783527607495.

[WHO19th-7] WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [2016-12-08].

[8] Baker E. Top 100 drugs : clinical pharmacology and practical prescribing. 2014: Acetylcysteine. ISBN 9780702055157.

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