番红花

番红花
	番红花
生物分类法
域：	真核域 Eukaryota
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
门：	被子植物门 Angiospermae
纲：	单子叶植物纲 Monocotyledoneae
目：	天门冬目 Asparagales
科：	鸢尾科 Iridaceae
属：	番红花属 Crocus
种：	番红花 C. sativus
学名（二名法）
	Crocus sativus; L.
异名
	Crocus autumnalis Sm. nom. illeg.; Crocus officinalis (L.) Honck.; Crocus orsinii Parl.; Crocus pendulus Stokes; Crocus setifolius Stokes; Geanthus autumnalis Raf.; Safran officinarum Medik.;

番红花（学名：Crocus sativus），也叫藏红花，古称郁金香、紫述香、草麝香，是番红花属的一种多年生草本植物，是番红花香料的原材料^[2]。它分布于地中海地区、中亚和东亚。其祖先可能是希腊的Crocus cartwrightianus^[3]^[4]。其干燥柱头可入药，称为西红花。

形态

番红花高10至30厘米，有球茎，在秋天开紫色花^[5]。它是一种三倍体^[6]。祖先可能是希腊的Crocus cartwrightianus^[3]^[4]。部分学者认为它的祖先是Crocus pallasii，但此说并无基因研究上的证据^[7]。

参考文献

↑ The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species. [2015-04-23].
↑ 番紅花. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). USDA. 缺少或|url=为空 (帮助);
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Schmidt, Thomas; Heitkam, Tony; Liedtke, Susan; Schubert, Veit; Menzel, Gerhard. Adding color to a century-old enigma: multi-color chromosome identification unravels the autotriploid nature of saffron (Crocus sativus) as a hybrid of wild Crocus cartwrightianus cytotypes. New Phytologist. 2019, 0 (ja): 1965–1980. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 30690735. doi:10.1111/nph.15715 （英语）.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Nemati, Zahra; Blattner, Frank R.; Kerndorff, Helmut; Erol, Osman; Harpke, Dörte. Phylogeny of the saffron-crocus species group, Crocus series Crocus (Iridaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2018-10-01, 127: 891–897. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 29936028. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.036.
↑ Mollazadeh, Hamid "Razi's Al-Hawi and saffron (Crocus sativus): a review". Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Dec 2015.
↑ Saxena, R., Botany, taxonomy and cytology of Crocus sativus series, AYU, 2010, 31 (3): 374–81, PMC 3221075 , PMID 22131743, doi:10.4103/0974-8520.77153
↑ Blattner, Frank R.; Kerndorff, Helmut; Gemicioglu, Almila; Harpke, Doerte; Nemati, Zahra. Saffron (Crocus sativus) is an autotriploid that evolved in Attica (Greece) from wild Crocus cartwrightianus. bioRxiv. 2019-02-01: 537688 [2020-06-11]. doi:10.1101/537688 （英语）.

外部链接

图片

[1] The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species. [2015-04-23].

[GRIN-2] 番紅花. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). USDA. 缺少或|url=为空 (帮助);

[:0-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Schmidt, Thomas; Heitkam, Tony; Liedtke, Susan; Schubert, Veit; Menzel, Gerhard. Adding color to a century-old enigma: multi-color chromosome identification unravels the autotriploid nature of saffron (Crocus sativus) as a hybrid of wild Crocus cartwrightianus cytotypes. New Phytologist. 2019, 0 (ja): 1965–1980. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 30690735. doi:10.1111/nph.15715 （英语）.

[自动生成1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Nemati, Zahra; Blattner, Frank R.; Kerndorff, Helmut; Erol, Osman; Harpke, Dörte. Phylogeny of the saffron-crocus species group, Crocus series Crocus (Iridaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2018-10-01, 127: 891–897. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 29936028. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.036.

[Razi's-5] Mollazadeh, Hamid "Razi's Al-Hawi and saffron (Crocus sativus): a review". Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, Dec 2015.

[Saxena-6] Saxena, R., Botany, taxonomy and cytology of Crocus sativus series, AYU, 2010, 31 (3): 374–81, PMC 3221075 , PMID 22131743, doi:10.4103/0974-8520.77153

[:1-7] Blattner, Frank R.; Kerndorff, Helmut; Gemicioglu, Almila; Harpke, Doerte; Nemati, Zahra. Saffron (Crocus sativus) is an autotriploid that evolved in Attica (Greece) from wild Crocus cartwrightianus. bioRxiv. 2019-02-01: 537688 [2020-06-11]. doi:10.1101/537688 （英语）.

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