性类固醇(英语:Sex steroid,亦称为性甾体)是指一类与脊椎动物雄激素或雌激素受体相互作用的类固醇激素[1]。他们的效应是由两种方式进行的:第一种是经核受体进行的慢性染色体组机制,第二种是经膜相关受体与信号级联进行的快速非染色体组机制[2]。“性激素”这个术语基本上是“性类固醇”的同义语。然而一些在性相关方面扮演着重要作用的非类固醇激素,如黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素与促性腺激素释放激素,却不被认为是性激素。
参考文献
- ↑ Guerriero G. :)Vertebrate sex steroid receptors: evolution, ligands, and neurodistribution. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 April; 1163:154-68. Review. PMID 19456336
- ↑ Thakur MK, Paramanik V. Role of steroid hormone coregulators in health and disease. Horm Res. 2009; 71(4):194-200. Epub 2009 March 4. Review. PMID 19258710
参见
外部链接
- 医学主题词表(MeSH):Sex+Steroid+Hormones
- eMedicine Dictionary上的Sex+hormones
抗高血压药 · 利尿剂 · 血管舒张剂 · β受体阻断剂 · 钙离子通道阻滞剂 · 肾素-血管紧张素系统(ACE抑制剂、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂)
降血脂药(他汀类、贝特类、胆汁酸螯合剂)抗精神障碍药(抗焦虑药、抗精神分裂症药、催眠药/镇静剂) · 精神兴奋药(抗抑郁药、兴奋剂/觉醒促进剂)
- 兴奋剂: 1-雄烯二醇
- 1-睾酮
- 1-雄酮
- 4-雄烯二醇
- 4-Chlordehydromethyltestosterone
- 4-羟基睾酮
- 5-Androstenediol
- 5α-Androst-1-ene-3,17-dione
- 11-Ketotestosterone
- 17-((1-Oxoheptyl)oxy)androstan-3-one
- 17-((1-Oxopentyl)oxy)androstan-3-one
- 17-(1-Oxopropoxy)androstan-3-one
- 17β-Hydroxyandrost-2-ene-2-carbonitrile
- 19-Norandrostenediol
- 19-Norandrostenedione
- 19-Norandrosterone
- 19-Nordehydrotestosterone
- 肾上腺甾酮
- 雄异恶唑
- 雄诺龙
- 勃雄二醇
- 勃拉睾酮
- 勃拉嗪
- 勃地酮
- 19-去甲-4-雄烯二酮
- 勃来诺
- 勃金刚酯
- 卡普睾酮
- 氯司替勃
- 氯索睾酮
- 达那唑
- 去氧孕烯
- 去氧甲基睾酮
- 双氢睾酮
- 屈他雄酮
- 依奈替勃
- 环硫雄醇
- 乙炔睾酮
- Ethyldienolone
- 乙雌烯醇
- 氟甲睾酮
- 甲酰勃龙
- 呋咱甲氢龙
- Hexabolan
- 羟雄唑
- 左炔诺孕酮
- 美勃拉嗪
- 甲孕酮
- 美雄烷
- 麦酒宝龙
- 美雄诺龙
- 美睾酮
- 去氢甲睾酮/美雄酮
- 甲基异睾酮
- Metenolone acetate
- Metenolone enanthate
- Methandriol
- Methandriol propionate
- Methasterone
- Methylestrenolone
- Methyltestosterone
- Metribolone
- Mibolerone
- 19-去甲睾酮(诺龙)
- 诺勃酮
- 诺司替勃
- 诺乙雄龙
- 炔诺酮
- 炔诺孕酮
- 羟勃龙
- Oxabolone cypionate
- 氧雄龙
- 奥生多龙
- 羟甲睾酮
- 羟甲烯龙
- 戊甲睾醇
- 普罗雄醇
- 奎勃龙
- Quingestanol acetate
- Roxibolone
- Silandrone
- Stanozolol
- Stenbolone
- Stenbolone acetate
- Testolactone
- 睾酮
- THG
- Thiomesterone
- Tibolone
- Tiomesterone
- 群勃龙
- 群勃龙醋酸酯
- Trestolone
注意:此处包括了那些只有微弱男性化效应(或抗男性化(如氧雄龙))的蛋白同化甾类(因为它们合成代谢效应也是通过激活雄激素受体而是显得)。
- Mixed (SARMs): AC-262,356
- Andarine
- BMS-564,929
- Enobosarm
- LGD-2226
- LGD-3303
- S-23
- S-40503
- 拮抗剂: ARN-509
- Benorterone
- Bicalutamide
- BMS-641,988
- BOMT
- Canrenoic acid
- Canrenone
- Chlormadinone acetate
- 西咪替丁
- Cioteronel
- Cyproterone
- Cyproterone acetate
- Delanterone
- Dienogest
- 表睾酮
- 氟他胺
- Galeterone
- 羟基氟他胺
- 己酸羟孕酮
- Inocoterone
- Ketoconazole
- MDV3100
- Megestrol acetate
- Metogest
- Mifepristone
- Nilutamide
- Nomegestrol
- Nordinone
- Norgestimate
- Osaterone
- Oxendolone
- Potassium canrenoate
- 黄体酮
- R2956
- Rosterolone
- 螺内酯
- Topterone
- Zanoterone
- 22-ABC
- 22-Oxime
- Abiraterone
- Bifonazole
- Clotrimazole
- Cyanoketone
- Cyproterone acetate
- Danazol
- Econazole
- Galeterone
- Gestrinone
- Isoconazole
- Ketoconazole
- L-39
- Levonorgestrel
- Liarozole
- LY-207,320
- MDL-27,302
- Miconazole
- Mifepristone
- Orteronel
- Pioglitazone
- Rosiglitazone
- Spironolactone
- Stanozolol
- SU-10,603
- TGF-β
- Tioconazole
- Troglitazone
- VN/87-1
- YM116
- 1,4,6-Androstatriene-3,17-dione
- 4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione
- 4-Cyclohexylaniline
- 4-Hydroxytestosterone
- 5α-DHNET
- Abyssinone II
- Aminoglutethimide
- Anastrozole
- 抗坏血酸(维生素C)
- Atamestane
- Bifonazole
- CGP-45,688
- CGS-47,645
- Clotrimazole
- 双氢睾酮
- Difeconazole
- Econazole
- Exemestane
- Fadrozole
- Fenarimol
- Finrozole
- Formestane
- Imazalil
- Isoconazole
- Ketoconazole
- Letrozole
- Liarozole
- MEN-11066
- Miconazole
- Minamestane
- Nimorazole
- NKS01
- ORG-33,201
- Penconazole
- Plomestane
- Prochloraz
- Propioconazole
- Pyridoglutethimide
- Rogletimide
- Rotenone
- Talarozole
- Testolactone
- Tioconazole
- Triadimefon
- Triadimenol
- Troglitazone
- Vorozole
- YM511
- 锌
Note: 21-Hydroxylase inhibitors may also affect androgen levels as they prevent metabolism of androgen steroid precursors.
- Estrogens/Antiestrogens (see here)
- GnRH agonists/antagonists (see here)
- Gonadotropins/Antigonadotropins (see here)
- Plasma proteins (SHBG, ABP, Albumin)
- Progestogens/Antiprogestins (see here)
- Prolactin
- 激动剂: 5α-Androstane-3β,17β-diol
- 16α-Hydroxyestrone
- Alestramustine
- Almestrone
- 苯雌酚
- Bifluranol
- Broparestrol
- Carbestrol
- Chlorotrianisene
- Cloxestradiol
- 大豆苷元
- DHEA
- Dienestrol
- 己烯雌酚
- 己烯雌酚二磷酸酯
- Diosgenin
- Doisynoestrol
- DPN
- Epiestriol
- 表美雌醇
- Eptamestrol/Etamestrol
- ERB-041
- Equilenin
- Equilin
- Estetrol
- 雌二醇
- (雌二醇苯甲酸酯
- Estradiol butyrylacetate
- Estradiol cypionate
- Estradiol dienanthate
- Estradiol dipropionate
- Estradiol diundecylate
- Estradiol diundecylenate
- Estradiol enanthate
- Estradiol furoate
- Estradiol hemisuccinate
- Estradiol hexahydrobenzoate
- Estradiol monopropionate
- Estradiol palmitate
- Estradiol pivalate
- Estradiol propoxyphenylpropionate
- Estradiol stearate
- Estradiol succinate
- Estradiol undecylate
- 雌二醇戊酸酯)
- Estramustine
- Estramustine phosphate
- Estrapronicate
- Estrazinol
- 雌三醇
- Estriol succinate
- Estriol tripropionate
- Estrofurate
- Estromustine
- Estrone
- Estrone acetate
- Estrone cyanate
- Estrone sulfate
- Estrone tetraacetylglucoside
- Estropipate
- Etamestrol
- Ethinylestradiol
- Ethinylestradiol 3-isopropylsulfonate
- Etynodiol diacetate
- FERb 033
- Fenestrel
- Fosfestrol
- Furostilbestrol
- Hexestrol
- Hexestrol diacetate
- Hexestrol dicaprylate
- Hexestrol diphosphate
- Hexestrol dipropionate
- Hydroxyestrone diacetate
- Liquiritigenin
- Mestranol
- Methallenestril
- Methestrol
- Methestrol dipropionate
- Moxestrol
- Nilestriol
- Orestrate
- 聚磷酸雌二醇
- PPT
- Promestriene
- Promethoestrol
- Quinestradol
- Quinestrol
- β-Sitosterol
- WAY-200,070
Note: Though not listed here, many anabolic steroids can also be estrogenic as they can be aromatized into estrogen-like metabolites that possess estrogenic activity.
- Mixed (SERMs): 2-Hydroxyestrone
- Acolbifene
- Afimoxifene
- Arzoxifene
- Bazedoxifene
- Clomifene
- Clomifenoxide
- Cyclofenil
- Droloxifene
- Enclomifene
- Endoxifen
- Epimestrol
- Femarelle
- Fispemifene
- GW5638
- Idoxifene
- Lasofoxifene
- Levormeloxifene
- Menerba
- Mepitiostane
- Miproxifene
- Nafoxidine
- Nitromifene
- Ormeloxifene
- Ospemifene
- Panomifene
- Pipendoxifene
- Prinaberel
- Raloxifene
- SS1010
- Sivifene
- 诺瓦得士
- TAS-108
- Tesmilifene
- Tibolone
- Toremifene
- Trioxifene
- Y-134
- Zindoxifene
- Zuclomifene
Note: Xenoestrogens (e.g., phytoestrogens and mycoestrogens) are not included here. For a full list of xenoestrogens, see here.
- 1,4,6-Androstatriene-3,17-dione
- 4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione
- 4-Cyclohexylaniline
- 4-Hydroxytestosterone
- 5α-DHNET
- Abyssinone II
- Aminoglutethimide
- Anastrozole
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
- Atamestane
- Bifonazole
- CGP-45,688
- CGS-47,645
- Clotrimazole
- DHT
- Difeconazole
- Econazole
- Exemestane
- Fadrozole
- Fenarimol
- Finrozole
- Formestane
- Imazalil
- Isoconazole
- Ketoconazole
- Letrozole
- Liarozole
- MEN-11066
- Miconazole
- Minamestane
- Nimorazole
- NKS01
- ORG-33,201
- Penconazole
- Plomestane
- Prochloraz
- Propioconazole
- Pyridoglutethimide
- Rogletimide
- Rotenone
- Talarozole
- Testolactone
- Tioconazole
- Triadimefon
- Triadimenol
- Troglitazone
- Vorozole
- YM511
- Zinc
Note: 5α-reductase and 21-hydroxylase inhibitors may also affect estrogen levels as they prevent metabolism of estrogen steroid precursors.
- Precursors: Cholesterol
- 22R-Hydroxycholesterol
- 20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol
- Pregnenolone
- 17-Hydroxypregnenolone
- Progesterone
- 17-Hydroxyprogesterone
- Cortodoxone/Deoxycortisol
- DHEA
- DHEA sulfate
- 16-Hydroxy-DHEA
- 16-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate
- Androstenediol
- Androstenedione
- 16-Hydroxyandrostenedione
- Testosterone
- Androgens/Antiandrogens (see here)
- Calcitriol (a form of Vitamin D)
- GnRH agonists/antagonists (see here)
- Gonadotropins//Antigonadotropins (see here)
- Plasma proteins (SHBG, ABP, Albumin)
- Progestogens/Antiprogestins (see here)
- Prolactin
- 3,8-Dihydrodiligustilide
- 5α-Dihydroprogesterone
- 6,6-Difluoronorethisterone
- 7α-Methylmetribolone (7α,17α-dimethyltrenbolone)
- 9α-Bromo-11-ketoprogesterone
- 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone
- 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone 17β-dodecylcarbonate
- 11-Dehydroprogesterone
- 11-脱氧皮质酮
- 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone
- 17α-Methylprogesterone
- 19-Norprogesterone
- 20α-Dihydroprogesterone
- Δ4-Tibolone
- Acetomepregenol (mepregenol diacetate)
- Algestone
- Algestone acetonide
- Algestone acetophenide
- Allylestrenol
- Altrenogest
- Amadinone
- Amadinone acetate
- Anagestone
- Anagestone acetate
- Bolandiol
- Bolandiol dipropionate
- Butagest
- Buterol
- Canrenoic acid
- Canrenone
- Chlormadinone
- Chlormadinone acetate
- Chloroethynyl norgestrel
- Cingestol
- Cismadinone
- Cismadinone acetate
- Clogestone
- Clogestone acetate
- Clomegestone
- Clomegestone acetate
- 醋酸环丙孕酮
- Danazol
- Delmadinone
- Delmadinone acetate
- Demegestone
- Desogestrel
- Dienogest
- Dimepregnen
- Dimethandrolone
- Dimethandrolone undecanoate
- Dimethisterone
- 薯蓣皂苷配基
- Drospirenone
- Dydrogesterone
- Edogestrone
- Ethisterone
- Ethynerone
- Etonogestrel
- Etynodiol
- Etynodiol diacetate
- Flugestone
- Flugestone acetate
- Gestaclone
- Gestadienol
- Gestodene
- Gestonorone caproate (gestronol hexanoate)
- Gestrinone
- Gestronol (gestonorone)
- Haloprogesterone
- Hydromadinone
- Hydroxyprogesterone acetate
- Hydroxyprogesterone butyrate
- Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate)
- Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate (hydroxyprogesterone enanthate)
- 左炔诺孕酮
- Lynestrenol
- Mecigestone (pentarane B)
- Medrogestone
- Medroxyprogesterone
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Megestrol
- Megestrol acetate
- Melengestrol
- Melengestrol acetate
- Mespirenone
- Methylestrenolone
- Metribolone (R1881)
- Metynodiol
- Metynodiol diacetate
- Methoxydienone (methoxygonadiene)
- Mometasone furoate
- Nandrolone
- Nandrolone esters (e.g., nandrolone phenylpropionate, nandrolone decanoate)
- Nomegestrol
- Nomegestrol acetate
- Norelgestromin
- Norethisterone (norethindrone)
- Norethisterone acetate
- Norethisterone acetate oxime
- Norethisterone enanthate
- Noretynodrel
- Norgesterone
- Norgestimate
- Norgestomet
- Norgestrel
- Norgestrienone
- Norvinisterone
- Org-2058
- Osaterone
- Osaterone acetate
- Oxendolone
- Oxogestone
- Oxogestone phenpropionate
- Pentagestrone
- Pentagestrone acetate
- Pentarane A
- Potassium canrenoate
- 孕酮
- Proligestone
- Promegestone
- Quingestanol
- Quingestanol acetate
- Retroprogesterone
- Ro 6-3129
- Riligustilide
- SC-5233
- SC-8109
- Segesterone
- Segesterone acetate (nestorone)
- 螺内酯
- Spirorenone
- Tanaproget
- Tetrahydrogestrinone
- Tibolone
- Tigestol
- Tosagestin
- Trengestone
- Trestolone
- Trestolone acetate
- Trimegestone
- ZM-182345